JOSEPH AYO BABALOLA 1904 -
1959
BY DAVID O. OLAYIWOLA
IN MAKERS OF THE CHURCH IN NIGERIA
It was Prof. Saburi Biobaku who said,
Great men appear now and again to help
shape the course of human history. The history of their lives does
not of itself amount to the totality of the history of man. It
nevertheless serves to illuminate that history and unravel the course
of human events [l].
The story of Apostle Joseph Ayodele
Babalola, his life and work can be thus classified. His unprecedented
Oke-Oye Revival gave birth to what is now known as the Christ
Apostolic Church (C.A.C.), a Nigerian indigenous church.
HIS BACKGROUND
Joseph Ayodele Babalola was born on
April 25, 1904, to David Rotimi and Madam Marta Talabi who belonged
to the Anglican Church. The family lived at Odo-Owa in Ilofa, a small
town about ninety kilometers from Ilorin in Kwara State, Nigeria. His
father was the Baba Ijo (“church father”) of the C.M.S. Church at
Odo-Owa. Pastor Medayese wrote in his book, Itan Igbe dide Woli, Ayo
Babalola that mysterious circumstances surrounded the birth of
Babalola. On that day, it was believed that a strange and mighty
object exploded and shook the clouds [2].
On January 18, 1914, young Babalola was
taken by his brother M. 0. Rotimi, a Sunday school teacher in the
C.M.S. Church at Ilofa, to Osogbo. Babalola started school at Ilofa
and got as far as standard five at All Saints’ School, Osogbo.
However, he quit school when he decided to learn a trade and became a
motor mechanic apprentice. Again, he did not continue long in this
vocation before joining the Public Works Department (PWD). He was
among the road workers who constructed the road from Igbara-Oke to
Ilesa, working as a steam roller driver.
BABALOLA’S CALL TO THE
PROPHETIC MINISTRY
Just like the Old Testament prophets,
Babalola was called by God into the prophetic office to stand before
men [3]. His was a specific and personal call.
Babalola’s strange experience started
on the night of September 25th, 1928 when he suddenly became restless
and could not sleep. This went on for a week and he had no inkling of
the causes of such a strange experience. The climax came one day when
he was, as usual, working on the Ilesa-Igbara-Oke road. Suddenly the
steam roller’s engine stopped to his utter amazement. There was no
visible mechanical problem, and Joseph became confused and perplexed.
He was in this state of confusion when a great voice “like the
sound of many waters” called him three times. The voice was loud
and clear and it told him that he would die if he refused to heed the
divine call to go into the world and preach. Babalola did not want to
listen to this voice and he responded like many of the Biblical
prophets, who, when they were called out by Yahweh as prophets, did
not normally yield to the first call. Men like Moses and Jeremiah
submitted to God only when it became inevitable. So, Babalola gave in
only after he had received the assurance of divine guidance.
To go on the mission, he had to resign
his appointment with the Public Works Department. Mr. Fergusson, the
head of his unit, tried to dissuade him from resigning but the young
man was bent on going on the Lord’s mission.
The same voice came to Joseph a second
time asking him to fast for seven days. He obeyed and at the end of
the period, he saw a great figure of a man who, according to Pastor
Alokan, resembled Jesus [4]. The man in a dazzling robe spoke at
length about the mission he was to embark upon. The man also told him
of the persecutions he would face and at the same time assured him of
God’s protection and victory. A hand prayer bell was given to
Babalola as a symbol. He was told that the sound of the bell would
always drive away evil spirits. He was also given a bottle of
“life-giving water” [5] to heal all manners of sickness.
Consequently, wherever and whenever he prayed into the water for
therapeutic purposes, effective healing was procured for those who
drank the water. Thus, Babalola became a prophet and a man with
extraordinary powers. Enabled by the power of the Holy Spirit he
could spend several weeks in prayer. Elder Abraham Owoyemi of Odo-Owa
said that the prophet regularly saw angels who delivered divine
messages to him [6]. An angel appeared in one of his prayers and
forbade him to wear caps.
THE ITINERARY OF PROPHET
BABALOLA
During one of his prayer sessions, an
angel appeared to him and gave him a big yam which he ordered him to
eat. The angel told him that the yam was the tuber with which God fed
the whole world. He further revealed that God had granted unto him
the power to deliver those who were possessed of evil spirits in the
world. He was directed to go first to Odo-Owa and start preaching. He
was to arrive in the town on a market day, cover his body with palm
fronds and disfigure himself with charcoal paints.
In October 1928, he entered the town in
the manner described and was taken for a mad man. Babalola
immediately started preaching and prophesying. He told the
inhabitants of Odo-Owa about an impending danger if they did not
repent. He was arrested and taken to the district office at Ilorin
for allegedly disturbing the peace. The district officer later
released him when the allegations could not be proven. However, it
was said that a few days later, there was an outbreak of smallpox in
the town. The man whose prophecies and messages were once rejected
was quickly sought for. He went around praying for the victims and
they were all healed.
Pa David Rotimi, Babalola’s father,
had been instrumental in the establishment of a C.M.S. Church in
Odo-Owa. Babalola organized regular prayer meetings in this church
[7] which many people attended because of the miracles God performed
through him. Among the regulars was Isaiah 01uyemi who later saw the
wrath of Bishop Smith of Ilorin diocese [8]. Information had reached
the bishop that almost all members of the C.M.S. Church in Ilofa were
seeing visions, speaking in tongues and praying vigorously [9].
Babalola and the visionaries were allegedly ordered by Bishop Smith
to leave the church [10]. But Babalola did not leave the town until
June 1930.
On an invitation from Daniel Ajibola,
Babalola went to Lagos. Elder Daniel Ajibola at that time was working
in Ibadan where he was a member of the Faith Tabernacle Congregation.
He introduced Prophet Babalola to Pastor D. 0. Odubanjo, one of the
leaders of the Faith Tabernacle in Lagos. Senior Pastor Esinsinade
who was then the president of the Faith Tabernacle was invited to see
Babalola. After listening to the details of his call and his
ministry, the Faith Tabernacle leaders warmly received the young
prophet into their midst.
Babalola had not yet been baptized by
immersion and Senior Pastor Esinsinade emphasized that he needed to
go through that rite. Pastor Esinsinade then baptized him in the
lagoon at the back of the Faith Tabernacle Church building at 51,
Moloney Bridge Street, Lagos [l1]. Babalola returned to Odo-Owa a few
days after that and Elder (later Pastor) J. A. Medayese, paid him a
visit.
The news of the conversion of the new
prophet reached Pastor K. P. Titus at Araromi in Yagba, present Kwara
State. Pastor Titus was a teacher and preacher at the Sudan Interior
Mission which was then thriving at Yagba. He invited Prophet Babalola
for a revival service. Joseph Ayodele Babalola while in Yagba,
performed mighty works of healing. Many Muslims and Christians from
other denominations and some traditional religionists were converted
to the new faith during the revival [12].
The fact that Babalola did not use the
opportunity to establish a separate Christian organization despite
his marvelous evangelical success, must be puzzling to historians,
but his intention was not to start a new church. He declared to his
followers that he had registered his membership with the Faith
Tabernacle, the society which had him baptized in Lagos [13]. He thus
persuaded them to become members of the Faith Tabernacle. To
facilitate this, he went to Lagos to confer with the leaders,
especially as he was not yet well acquainted with the doctrines,
tenets, and administration of the church.
OKE-OYE MIGHTY REVIVAL
There was a controversy among the
leaders of the Faith Tabernacle in Nigeria over some doctrines. In
the midst of it were, in particular, the Ilesa and Oyan branches of
the tabernacle. The Oyan branch was under the supervision of Pastor
J. A. Babatope, a notable Anglican teacher, before his conversion and
later, one of the outstanding leaders of the Faith Tabernacle in
Nigeria. Issues like the use of western and traditional drugs versus
divine healing, polygamy and whether polygamous husbands should be
allowed to partake of the Lord’s Supper, were among those doctrines
that needed to be agreed on. These issues had caused dissension at
the IIesa Tabernacle and in order to avoid a split, a delegation of
peacemakers made up of all leading Faith Tabernacle pastors, was sent
to Ilesa. It was headed by Pastor J. B. Esinsinade of Ijebu-Ode,
president of the General Headquarters of the movement and D. O.
Odubanjo of the Lagos Missionary Headquarters. The Ilesa meeting was
scheduled for the 9th and lOth of July 1930. The Apostolic Council of
Jerusalem in A.D. 48 and other important church councils are
precedents in seeking ecclesiastical direction on matters affecting
the life and peace of the church [14].
Before the delegation left Lagos for
Ilesa, Babalola had been invited to meet the leaders at Pastor I. B.
Akinyele’s residence at Ibadan. From there I. B. Akinyele and
Babalola joined the delegation to Ilesa. At Ilesa, he was introduced
to the whole conference and was lodged in a separate room because of
his prophetic mission. The representatives began their meeting and on
the agenda were twenty-four items. The first was the validity of
baptism administered to a man with many wives. The second was the
issue of divine healing because some of the members believed in the
use of drugs like quinine to cure malaria fever. They were only able
to discuss the first item when there was a sudden interruption which
Pastor Adegboyega described thus: “The conciliatory talks at Ilesa
were going on, when suddenly a mighty sweeping revival broke out at
Faith Tabernacle Congregation Church at Oke-Oye, Ilesa” [15]. The
revival began with the raising by Babalola of a dead child. The
mother of the dead child who was restored to life went about
spreading the news around the town of Ilesa proclaiming that a
miracle-working prophet had come to the town of Oke-Oye. This
attracted a large number of people to Oke-Oye to see the prophet.
According to Pastor Medayese, many of those afflicted with various
diseases who came to Oke-Oye were healed. Many mighty works were
performed through the use of the prayer bell and the drinking of
consecrated water from a stream called Omi Ayo (“Stream of Joy”)
[16].
The result was that thousands of people
including traditional religionists, Muslims, and Christians from
various other denominations were converted to the Faith Tabernacle.
As there was no space in the church hall, revival meetings were
shifted to an open field where men and women from all walks of life,
from every part of the country and from neighboring countries
assembled daily for healing, and blessings. Odubanjo testified that
within three weeks Babalola had cured about one hundred lepers, sixty
blind people and fifty lame persons [17].
He further claimed that both the
Anglican and Wesleyan Churches in Ilesa were left desolate because
their members transferred their allegiance to the revivalist and that
all the patients in Wesley Hospital, Ilesa, abandoned their beds to
seek healing from Babalola. Also:
Many of the schools belonging to the
Wesleyan and Anglican Churches, as well as to the Baptists and the
Roman Catholics, closed down altogether, and there has not been
sufficient money again to pay their teachers due to the fact that the
majority of their members left to join us” [18].
The assistant district officer in Ilesa
in 1930 wrote that he visited the scene of the revival incognito and
found a crowd of hundreds of people including a large contingent of
the lame and blind and concluded that the whole affair was orderly
[19]. Members of the church made fantastic claims such as: “Hopeless
barren women were made fruitful; women who had been carrying their
pregnancies for long years were wonderfully delivered. The dumb spoke
and lunatics were cured. In fact, it was another day of Pentecost.
Witches confessed and some demon-possessed people were exorcized
[20].
But the general superintendent of the
Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society of Nigeria at the time has
described the reports as “grotesquely inaccurate accounts of the
operations of Babalola.” This, of course, could be the biased view
of a man whose church was said to be the greatest victim of the Ilesa
revival.
A revelation was later given to Ayo
Babalola to burn down a big tree in front of the Owa’s Palace. The
big tree was traditionally believed to be the rendezvous of witches
and wizards. The juju tree was therefore greatly feared and
sacrifices were usually made to the spirits believed to reside in it.
There was apprehension that this bold act would result in the
instantaneous death of Babalola since it was expected to arouse the
anger of the gods. But to the great amazement of the people, the
prophet did not die but rather continued to wax stronger in the
Lord’s work. That single event was said to have made even the Owa
of Ilesa and important people in the town to fear and respect the
prophet.
The tidal wave of Babalola’s revival
spread from Ilesa to Ibadan, Ijebu, Lagos, Efon-Alaaye, Aramoko Ekiti
and Abeokuta. No greater revival preceded that of Babalola. It was
popularly held in Christ Apostolic Church (C.A.C.) circles that at
one revival meeting, attendance rose to about forty thousand. Among
the men of faith who came as disciples to Babalola were Daniel
Orekoya, Peter Olatunji who came from Okeho, and Omotunde, popularly
known as Aladura Omotunde, from Aramoko Ekiti. These men drew great
inspiration from Babalola. Orekoya went on to reside in Ibadan where
a great revival also broke out at Oke-Bola through him. It was during
his Oke-Bola revival that Orekoya reportedly raised a dead pregnant
woman [21].
BABALOLA’S OTHER
MISSIONARY JOURNEYS
After the great revival of Oke-Oye, the
prophet was directed by the Holy Spirit to go out on further
missionary journeys, but even before this, people from other parts of
the country had been spreading the glad tidings of Oke-Oye, Ilesa’s
great revival, to other parts of the country. Accompanied by some
followers, Joseph Babalola went to Offa, in present Kwara State.
Characteristically, people turned out to hear his preaching and see
miracles. The Muslims in Offa became jealous and for that reason
incited the members of the community against him. To avoid bloodshed
he was compelled to leave.
He next stopped in Usi in Ekitiland for
his evangelical mission and he performed many works of healing. From
Usi, he and his men moved to Efon-Alaaye, also in Ekitiland, where
they received a warm reception from the Oba Alaaye of Efon. An entire
building was provided for their comfort. Babalola requested an open
space for prayer from the Oba who willingly and cheerfully gave him
the privilege to choose a site. Consequently, the prophet and his men
chose a large area at the outskirts of town. Traditionally the place
was a forbidden forest because of the evil spirits that were believed
to inhabit it. The Oba tried to dissuade Babalola and his men from
entering the forbidden forest, but Babalola insisted on establishing
his prayer ground there. The missionaries entered the bush, cleared
it and consecrated it as a prayer ground. When no harm came upon
them, the inhabitants of Efon were inspired to accept the new faith
in large numbers.
Babalola’s evangelistic success in
Efon-Alaaye was a remarkable one. Archdeacon H. Dallimore from
Ado-Ekiti and some white pastors from Ogbomoso Baptist Seminary were
believed to have come to see for themselves the “wonder-working
prophet” at Efon. Both Dallimure and the Baptist pastors reportedly
asked some men from St. Andrew’s College, Oyo and Baptist Seminary,
Ogbomoso to assist in the work [22].
The success of the revival was
accelerated by the conversion of both the Oba of Efon and the Oba of
Aramoko. They were both baptized with the names, Solomon Aladejare
Agunsoye and Hezekiah Adeoye respectively. After this event, news of
the revival at Efon spread to other parts of Ekitiland [23].
The missionaries also visited other
towns in the present Ondo State. Among them were Owo, Ikare, and Oka.
Babalola retreated to his home town in Odo-Owa to fortify himself
spiritually. While he was at Odo-Owa, a warrant for his arrest was
issued from Ilorin. He was arrested for preaching against witches, a
practice which had caused some trouble in Otuo in present Bendel
State. He was sentenced to jail for six months in Benin City in March
1932. After serving the jail term, he went back to Efon Alaaye.
One Mr. Cyprian E. Ufon came from Creek
Town in Calabar to entreat Babalola to “come over to Macedonia and
help.” Ufon had heard about Babalola and his works and wanted him
to preach in Creek Town. After seeking God’s direction, the prophet
followed Ufon to Creek Town. His campaign there was very successful.
From Creek Town, Babalola visited Duke town and a plantation where a
national church existed at the time. Certain members of this church
received the gift of the Holy Spirit as Babalola was preaching to
them and were baptized. When the prophet returned from the Calabar
area, he settled down for a while. In 1935 he married Dorcas.
The following year Babalola,
accompanied by Evangelist Timothy Bababusuyi, went to the Gold Coast.
On arrival at Accra, he was recognized by some people who had seen
him at the Great Revival in Ilesa. After a successful campaign in the
Gold Coast, he returned to Nigeria.
THE BIRTH OF THE C.A.C. IN
NIGERIA
The spectacular evangelism by Prophet
Joseph Ayo Babalola brought with it a wave of persecution to all who
rushed into the new faith. The mission churches allegedly became
jealous and hostile especially as their members constituted the main
converts of the Faith Tabernacle. It was widely rumored that the
revival movement was a lawless and unruly organization. The Nigerian
government was put on the alert about the activities of the movement.
At this time, the leading members of the movement were advised to
invite the American Faith Tabernacle leaders to come to their rescue.
The leaders from America, however, refused to come as such a venture
was said to be against their principles. As a matter of fact, the
association between the Philadelphia group and the Faith Tabernacle
of Nigeria was terminated following the marital problems of the
leader of the American group, Pastor Clark. The Nigerian group then
went into fellowship with the Faith and Truth Temple of Toronto which
sent a party of seven missionaries to West Africa. Again, the
fellowship was stopped when Mr. C. R. Myers, the only surviving
missionary, sent his wife to the hospital where she died in
childbirth [24].
Despite these disappointing
relationships with foreign groups, the Nigerian Faith Tabernacle
still considered it prestigious to seek affiliation with a foreign
body. The rationale for this can be found in D. 0. Odubanjo’s
letter to Pastor D. P. Williams of the Apostolic Church of Great
Britain of March 1931. In the letter, Odubanjo claimed: “The
officers of the government here fear the European missionaries and
dare not trouble their native converts, but often, we brethren here
have been ill-treated by government officers” [25].
This was followed by a formal request
for missionaries to be sent to strengthen the position of the
Nigerian Faith Tabernacle. Missionaries did come and, on their
advice, the Nigerian Faith Tabernacle was ceded to the British
Apostolic Church. Consequently, the name changed from Faith
Tabernacle to the Apostolic Church [26].
Doctrinal differences between the two
groups soon began to appear in forms similar to the ones that caused
the termination of the association with the American groups. The
subject of divine healing was one of the most important issues. Some
of the invited white missionaries from Britain were found using
quinine and other tablets and this caused a serious controversy among
the leading members [27]. It was unfortunate that the controversy
could not be resolved and the movement subsequently split. One
faction of the church made Oke-Oye its base and retained the name the
Apostolic Church. The other larger faction and in which Prophet
Joseph Babalola was a leader eventually became the Christ Apostolic
Church. This church had to go through many names before May 1943 when
its title was finally registered with number 147 under the Nigerian
Company Law of 1924. Today, the church controls over five thousand
assemblies and reputedly is one of the most popular Christian
organizations in Nigeria and the only indigenous organization with a
strong faith in divine healing.
Professor John Peel [28] recorded that
the membership of the C.A.C. in 1968 was well over one hundred
thousand. That figure must have doubled by now. The church opened up
several primary and grammar schools, a teachers’ training college,
a seminary, maternity homes and a training school for prophets. The
years between 1970 and 1980 saw further expansion of the church to
England, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. At present, the
church has its Missionary and General Headquarters in Lagos and
Ibadan respectively [29].
Babalola was a spiritually gifted
individual who was genuinely dissatisfied with the increasingly
materialistic and sinful existence into which he believed, the Yoruba
in particular and Nigeria, in general, were being plunged as western
civilization influence on society grew.
The C.A.C. believes that the spiritual
power bestowed on Babalola placed him on an equal level with Biblical
apostles like Peter, Paul and others who were sent out with the
authority and in the name of Jesus.
Joseph Ayo Babalola slept in the Lord
in 1959.
David O. Olayiwola
Notes:
1. Prof. S. O. Biobaku, former vice
chancellor of the University of Lagos wrote a foreword in The Life
and Works of Uthman Dan Fodio (Lagos: Ismail, A. B. B. Balogun,
Islamic Publication Bureau, 1975): 1.
2. J. A. Alokan, Idasile ati Idagbasoke
Ijo Aposteli ti Kristi ni Ilu Efon-Alaaye, (Ibadan: Caston Press,
1975): 1.
3. All my sources contended that
Babalola’s call to prophetic ministry was genuinely from God. His
call is similar in form to those of the Old Testament prophets. See I
King 17:1, 18-15 [sic].
4. Alokan, op. cit., p. 5.
5. This is the origin of the practice
of healing with consecrated water in the C.A.C. For further
information consult E. H. L. Oluseye Saint Joseph Ayo Babalola
1904-1959 (Akure: The Christian Overcomers Publishers, 1983), p. 41.
I am however suggesting that the bottle of “life-giving water”
presented to the prophet in his visions is very symbolic. The water
could be interpreted in connection with the divine assignment of
washing away of spiritual uncleanliness from the pagan society of
Babalola’s day. In the New Testament, there is an example in Eph.
5:26.
6. Elder Abraham B. Owoyemi, Iwe Itan
Igbe dide Woli Ayo Babalola (Ibadan: Pop Omoboriola Printers, n.d.):
5.
7. Ibid., p. 8.
8. Ibid., p. 6.
9. These phenomena are Pentecostal
experiences but are strange in the C.M.S.
10. Abraham Owoyemi, op. cit. p. 8.
11. Pastor S. G. Adegboyega, A Short
History of the Apostolic Church (Ibadan: Rosprint Press Ltd., 1978):
22.
12. Owoyemi, op. cit. p. 11.
13. Adegboyega, op. cit. p. 22.
14. See J. N. D. Kelly, Early Church
Doctrines (London), Adam and Charles Black and R. H. Bainton, Early
Christianity (N. Y.: Van Nostrand Company).
15. Adegboyega, op. cit. p. 22.
16. Pastor D. 0. Babajide, Iwe Itan
Ibere Ise Woli Joseph Babalola ati ti Daniel Orekoya ni Odun 1930
(Ilesa: Folasayo Press, n.d.): 13- 14.
17. N. A. I. Council F 1301 “Odubanjo
to Pastor D. P. Williams of the Apostolic Church of Great Britain,”
March 4, 1931.
18. Ibid.
19. N. A. I. Oyo/No. 7.
20. Adegboyega, op. cit. p. 25.
21. Babajide, op. cit. pp. 29-30.
22. Iwe Itan C.A.C., published by
C.A.C. Publicity Dept., n.d., p. 65. [Information could not be
cross-checked.]
23. Ibid., p. 67.
24. J. A. Omoyajowo, Cherubim and
Seraphim Church History of an African Independent Church (N. Y.:
N.O.K. Publishers, 1982): 123.
25. J. A. Omoyajowo, Cherubim and
Seraphim Church in Relation to Church and Society and State (Ibadan:
Claverianum Press, 1976): 115.
26. Pastor Elton was one of the
missionaries later sent by the British Apostolic Church to assist in
the work in Nigeria in 1937. He left the Apostolic Church during the
Latter Rain Movement episode in 1953. See Adegboyega, op. cit. p. 77.
27. Details are to be found in
Adegboyega op. cit., pp. 87-114.
28. J. D. Y. Peel, Aladura: A Religious
Movement among the Yoruba (Oxford: 0xford University Press, 1968):
55-105.
29. Information was derived from C.A.C.
Past and Present, published by the C.A.C. Publicity Dept., n.d., p.
5.
This article was researched and written
by Dr. David O. Olayiwola, Senior Lecturer in the Department of
Religious Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, as a chapter of the
book Makers of the Church in Nigeria, edited by J. A. Omoyajowo
(Lagos, Nigeria: CSS Bookshops Ltd., 1995), pages 137-149.
External link
Encyclopaedia Britannica (complete
article): https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aladura